Finding Information

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# Finding Information
### Matthijs de Zwaan
### 17 January 2022

---

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# Why do you need information?

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<p><a href="https://www.menti.com/29htg42ttq" target=_blank style="color: #FFFFFF">https://www.menti.com/29htg42ttq</a></p>
<p><img src="img/mentimeter_qr_code.png"style="max-width: 25%;height: auto;"></p>

???
Icebreaker question for public

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# Why do you need information?
.card.left[
## Context
How does this work fit into other discussions?

What arguments were made previously?
]

.card.right[
## Motivation
Why is this work important and interesting?
]

.card.left[
## Novelty
You can only argue that your work adds something new if you first show what has been done before.
]

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# Where can you find information?

???
First Mentimeter questions

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# Where can you find information?
<span class="card-small" style="top:48%;left:27%">Personal blogs, vlogs, etc</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:35%;left:74%">Company websites</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:26%;left:69%">(Inter)national organisations</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:30%;left:11%">Newspapers & magazines</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:60%;left:62%">Your friends after a night<br>on the town</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:40%;left:58%">Wikipedia</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:80%;left:22%">Political parties</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:61%;left:26%">Social media</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:29%;left:43%">Documentaries</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:72%;left:51%">Academic studies</span>

???
Useful information is everywhere, but not all information is useful for all questions.

Good to look more carefully at certain aspects of information.
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# Aspects of information

.card[
## Time versus trust
How difficult is it to check the information?

How much time does it take?
]

.card[
## Objectives
Why was the information provided?

Persuasion or information?
]

???
More menti

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# Where can you find information?

.card[
## Search broadly
No need to limit yourself to academic studies

Different sources can answer different kinds of questions

Be aware of your information source and its limits.
]

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# Where can you find information?

.card.left[
## Interesting topics & relevant discussions
Social media (Twitter)

Newspapers & magazines
]

.card.right[
## Opinions & points of view
NGOs, political organizations, companies
]

.card.left[
## Background info
Wikipedia

Textbooks, handbooks
]

.card.right[
## Detailed analysis, &ldquo;proof&rdquo;
Academic books/articles
]
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# Finding information<br>from different sources

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# Finding information<br>from different sources
<span class="card-small" style="top:48%;left:27%">Personal blogs, vlogs, etc</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:35%;left:74%">Company websites</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:26%;left:69%">(Inter)national organisations</span>
<span class="card-small highlight" style="top:30%;left:11%">Newspapers & magazines</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:60%;left:62%">Your friends after a night<br>on the town</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:40%;left:58%">Wikipedia</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:80%;left:22%">Political parties</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:61%;left:26%">Social media</span>
<span class="card-small" style="top:29%;left:43%">Documentaries</span>
<span class="card-small highlight" style="top:72%;left:51%">Academic studies</span>

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# Access to information

<div class="card" style="margin-top:80px;margin-bottom:50px;">
<h2>On campus</h2>
<p>Should have access automatically</p>
<p>If not: log on to VUnet</p>
<p>But: <i>no one is on campus...</i></p>
</div>

.card[
## Off campus
Log on to VUnet

Search materials using <a href="#libsearch">Libsearch</a>

See <a href="https://ub.vu.nl/en/search-help/off-campus-access/index.aspx" target=_blank>this information</a>.
]

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# Finding information in<br>magazines & newspapers

.card[
## Options
Browse the paper

Search the website

Search Nexis Uni
]

---
name:nexis

# Nexis Uni

<a href="http://linker2.worldcat.org/?jHome=https%3A%2F%2Fvu-nl.idm.oclc.org%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nexisuni.com&linktype=best">![](img/nexis-uni.png)</a>

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# Getting started with Nexis Uni

.center[
These tutorials can help you find your way in Nexis Uni.

]

- Also see [https://libguides.vu.nl/nexis-uni]()
- [Skip ahead](#search-title) for search methods

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# Finding academic publications

<a href="#scopus">
<img src="img/scopus.jpg" alt="Scopus logo" 
style="display:block;position:absolute;left:55%;top:75%;width:500;">
</a>
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name:google

# Finding academic publications:<br>Google Scholar

<p>&#x1F914; Results not consistent or transparent</p>

<p>&#x1F914; Many sources, no quality assessment</p>
</div>
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name:libsearch

# Finding academic publications:<br>VU Libsearch

<div style="position:absolute; left: 30%;width:60%;bottom:5%">
<p>&#x1F60D; Access & availability of materials are clear</p>
<p>&#x1F60D; Includes books, data, other resources</p>
<p>&#x1F914; Not easy to use</p>
</div>

---
name:scopus

# Finding academic publications:<br>Scopus

<div style="position:absolute; left: 30%; width:60%;bottom:5%">
<p>&#x1F60D; Easy to use.</p>
<p>&#x1F60D; &ldquo;Advanced search&rdquo; very good for filtering</p>
</p>&#x1F914; <span style="text-align:left;">Only <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarly_peer_review" target=_blank>peer-reviewed</a> materials:<br>
&emsp; - Indication of quality<br>
&emsp; - Not very recent
</p>
</div>

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# Getting started with Scopus

.center[
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-VE3ADZvoUY?controls=0"></iframe>

- Scopus provides a number of other [tutorials](https://service.elsevier.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14799/supporthub/scopus/)
- [Useful guide](https://libguides.library.uu.nl/scopus_en/) (<strong>NB!</strong> From Utrecht University Library, links do not always work for VU students!)
- [Skip ahead](#search-title) for search methods
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# How to search

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# How to search: &ldquo;building blocks&rdquo;

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.pull-left[

<img src="img/venn-setup.svg" alt="Venn diagram" />
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.pull-right[
.card[
## Example        
How does the adoption of *CSR* standards affect *innovation*?
]
]

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.pull-left[

<img src="img/venn-and.svg">
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.pull-right[
.card[
## &ldquo;Boolean operators&rdquo;: AND
*A* AND *B*

*CSR* AND *innovation*

Selects articles that mention *both* CSR *and* innovation.

Fewer results, more precise.
]]
---

.pull-left[

<img src="img/venn-or.svg">
]

.pull-right[
.card.left[
## &ldquo;Boolean operators&rdquo;: OR
*A* OR *B*

*CSR* OR *innovation*

Selects articles that mention *either* CSR *or* innovation

More results, less precise.
]]
</div>
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.pull-left[

<img src="img/venn-more.svg">
]

.pull-right[
.card.left[
## &ldquo;Boolean operators&rdquo;
*A* AND *B* AND *C*

*CSR* AND *innovation* AND &quot;*strategic management*&quot;

Combine as many search terms as needed.

See <a href="https://libguides.vu.nl/a-all/search-terms">here</a> for more info
]]

???
More menti
---

<div style="display:flex; justify-content:center;">
<img src="img/and-or.svg" style="width: 90%;">
</div>

Use &ldquo;AND&rdquo; to combine the key concepts of your research question.

Use &ldquo;OR&rdquo; to combine the different terms that can be used to describe those concepts.<br>Different authors can use different words to describe similar concepts!

Start broadly, narrow down results as necessary.
---
<div class="card"><h2>Parentheses <b>(</b>...<b>)</b></h2><p>For grouping: <span style="font-family:monospace">A AND (B OR C)</span></p></div>
<div class="card"><h2>Quotes <b>&quot;</b>...<b>&quot;</b></h2><p>For phrases: <span style="font-family:monospace">"corporate social responsibility"</span></p></div>
<div class="card"><h2>Wildcards <b>?</b>,<b>&#42;</b></h2><p>For one or more characters: <span style="font-family:monospace">colo?r</span></p></div>
<div class="card"><h2>Careful!</h2><p>Exact usage may differ between search engines!</p></div>
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# How to search: &ldquo;snowball&rdquo;
.card.left[
## Backward snowball
Which articles were used for this research?

Check the list of references at the end of an article.
]

.card.right[
## Forward snowball
How was this article used in other research?

&ldquo;Cited by&rdquo; options in e.g. Scopus or Google Scholar
]
---
template:snowball
<div style="position:absolute;width:100%; display:flex; justify-content:center;">
<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/V0cSLsFbRO7SM" width="576" height="375" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe>
<p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/V0cSLsFbRO7SM">&ensp;via GIPHY</a></p>
</div>

---
template: snowball
.card.left[
<h2 style="background-color:red">Useful, but dangerous</h2>
<p>After only two &ldquo;generations&rdquo;, already hundreds of references</p>
<p>Easy to get lost if you don't know what you're looking for.</p>
]

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# A suggested workflow

???
Show Scopus search

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# Finding information: Tips &amp; tricks

.card.left[
## Not a linear process
Adjust your search terms as needed. Takes time!
]

.card.right[
## Make a logbook!
Keep track of your searches.

Some search engines provide additional options if you make an account.
]

.card.left[
## Each search engine differs slightly.
Check the manuals
]

.card.right[
## &ldquo;<a href="https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/03/06/artists-steal/">Good artists copy; great artists steal</a>&rdquo;
Good academics steal and leave fingerprints.

{{ content }}&nbsp;
]
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<span style="color:red;">Do not plagiarize!</span>
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# Finding information: more support

.card.left[
<h2 style="text-transform:lowercase;"><a href="https://ub.vu.nl">ub.vu.nl</a></h2>
Information, opening hours, news
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.card.right[
## <a href="https://libguides.vu.nl/">Online guides</a>
For more tips & tricks
]

.card.left[
## <a href="https://vu-nl.libcal.com/">Events & workshops</a>
Finding literature and data, reference software, ...
]

.card.right[
<h2 style="text-transform:lowercase;"><a href="mailto:vraag.ub@vu.nl">vraag.ub@vu.nl</a></h2>
For questions on access, availability, etc.
]
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